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rcrsn51

Joined: 05 Sep 2006 Posts: 7743 Location: Stratford, Ontario
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Posted: Tue 26 Apr 2011, 09:48 Post subject:
How to Make a Bootable Flash Drive using GRUB2 |
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Update: This article was originally about using GRUB2 to boot various Linuxes directly out of their ISO files. It was a way to test distros without having to burn their CDs. However, it only worked with Ubuntu and its variants. It didn't work at all with Puppy.
The new ISObooter project (see below) removes this limitation. It can boot most Linuxes and all recent Puppies.
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Many distros, including those from the Ubuntu family, use GRUB2 as their bootloader. The following instructions explain how to make a bootable flash drive that just uses the ISO file without having to extract it.
1. Download and install the attached PET.
2. Using Gparted, delete any old partitions on your flash drive.
3. Create a new ext2 partition and flag it as bootable.
4. Mount the flash drive.
5. Assuming that the flash drive is device sdb, type the command
| Code: | | grub-install --force --no-floppy --root-directory=/mnt/sdb1 /dev/sdb |
6. When you installed the PET above, it also saved a file named grub.cfg in /root.
Copy it over to the flash drive and put it in the folder /boot/grub.
7. Open the grub.cfg file. Note how ISO's have general names like "ubuntu.iso".
8. Copy your Linux ISO onto the flash drive and give it the appropriate general name.
9. Boot off the flash drive.
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Ubuntu allows persistent storage with a USB install. This is similar to Puppy's "save to a partition" option instead of using a save file.
1. Get another flash drive. Or if your current Ubuntu flash drive is large enough (2 GB), you can split it into two partitions and use the second partition for storage. But you may find that this setup works a bit more slowly.
2. Delete any old partitions on the second flash drive and create a new one.
3. Format it as ext4. In my tests, ext4 was much faster than ext2 or ext3 on flash drives. Do NOT make it bootable.
4. Using Gparted's "Label" feature, name the partition "casper-rw".
5. On your main flash drive, go to /boot/grub and open the grub.cfg file.
6. Add the word "persistent" to the "linux" line as follows:
| Code: | | linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu.iso noeject noprompt splash persistent -- |
7. Boot your system. If your machine gets confused over which flash drive should be booting, don't plug in the storage drive until the GRUB menu appears.
8. Once Ubuntu starts, go to System > Administration > Users and Groups
9. Create a new user. Under Account Type, make it an Administrator. However, you will still have to use "sudo" to perform admin tasks!
10. Go to System > Administration > Login Screen. Click Unlock and set the login screen as desired.
11. Reboot.
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You can also boot an Ubuntu ISO using GRUB4DOS. This saves you the trouble of installing GRUB2.
1. Format the flash drive partition as FAT32. Flag it bootable.
2. Into the fresh partition, copy the Ubuntu ISO. This ensures that the ISO file is contiguous on the drive. GRUB4DOS is picky about this.
3. Give the ISO file the generic name "ubuntu.iso".
4. Run GRUB4DOS bootloader config from the System menu. Make sure that you pick your flash drive as the target and NOT your hard drive!
5. When done, manually add the following entry to the menu.lst
| Code: | title Ubuntu 10.10 Desktop ISO
find --set-root /ubuntu.iso
map /ubuntu.iso (0xff)
map --hook
root (0xff)
kernel /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu.iso noeject noprompt splash --
initrd /casper/initrd.lz |
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ISObooter is a procedure for booting many Linuxes, including Puppy, directly from their ISO files. It is based on Scooby's work here.
ISObooter is primarily intended for use with USB drives, but also works on hard drives. It uses Grub4Dos as the bootloader.
1. Run Gparted and format your USB drive as FAT32. This is essential to ensure that the ISO files are contiguous. Read starting here for more details about the problem with discontiguity.
2. Set the "Boot" flag on the FAT32 partition.
3. If you have a large drive, you may want to make two or three partitions to organize your ISOs. But leave Partition #4 empty! It is used by the ISObooter system.
4. Download the attachment isobooter.tar.gz and extract it. It contains a single clickable script named isobooter.
5. Copy this file onto your USB drive.
6. Click the isobooter icon. You will be asked the question
| Code: | | Do you want to make Drive sdx bootable? [y/n] |
Check that sdx is indeed your USB drive and answer "y". This installs Grub4Dos.
7. Add some ISO files to your drive. You can copy them from other locations or download them directly from the web.
8. When done, click the isobooter icon again. Answer "n" to the first question.
9. You have two choices for setting up each ISO.
| Code: | | Do you want to boot xxx.iso from its splash screen? [y/n] |
a. For non-Puppies like Ubuntu, answer "y".
b. For a Puppy, answering "n" will make it boot like a frugal install. This is the preferred choice. (See the note at the end.)
Hint: If you answer "y" or "n", the ISO files are processed individually. If you use "Y" or "N", all subsequent files are automatically processed the same way.
10. Finally, ISObooter checks the collection of ISO files for fragmentation and reports if any of them are unbootable.
11. You're done! Check out the new menu.lst file. Then boot off the USB drive.
12. If you are storing ISOs in several partitions, run isobooter in each one.
13. There are two ways to make a second partition bootable.
a. Move the file grldr into it. Grub4Dos will boot the partition containing this file.
b. In your main partition, open its menu.lst in a text editor. Note the final entry.
| Code: | title More ISOs (see the instructions)
configfile (hd0,x)/menu.lst
commandline |
Change (hd0,x) to match the second partition. Note that the GRUB number is one less than the partition number. For example, (hd0,1) would point to partition #2.
-----------------------------------
Some distros may need modifications to their menu.lst entries. For example, TinyCore requires
| Code: | | map --heads=0 --sectors-per-track=0 (hd0,0)/TinyCore-current.iso (0xff) |
[Update] This code is now used with all ISOs. So far, it has not caused a problem with any Linux that does not require it.
---------------------------------------
Having a spare FAT32 partition on your USB drive can be handy. If the ISO files in your main partition become dis-contiguous, just copy them to the spare partition. Make it bootable. Then re-format the first partition.
-------------------------------------
ISObooter can also be used on a hard drive setup, including one that is multi-booting with Windows.
There are three requirements.
a. The system must boot with Grub4Dos.
b. The fourth primary partition MUST be empty.
c. You have an available FAT32 partition for your ISOs. It can either be primary or logical.
1. Use the same ISObooter procedure as with a USB drive, but do not install Grub4Dos.
2. Since you already have a menu.lst file in sda1, you have two choices.
a. Cut and paste the new menu.lst entries into your main menu.
b. Add a "More ISOs" entry using the method from Step 13b. above.
3. When using ISObooter on a hard drive, you may want to change the Puppy kernel argument to "pfix=fsck,nocopy". This will free up some memory.
-----------------------------------
Note: If you install a Puppy to boot off its splash screen, and then create a savefile, you may need to use the following argument on subsequent boots. Replace "x" with the partition number.
---------------------------------
You can use a variation of ISObooter with other Linuxes to create bootable flash drives of Puppy (or any other ISO). Read here.
---------------------------------
| Description |
Updated 2013-02-10
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Download |
| Filename |
isobooter.tar.gz |
| Filesize |
952 Bytes |
| Downloaded |
210 Time(s) |
| Description |
|

Download |
| Filename |
grub-1.98-i486.pet |
| Filesize |
877.49 KB |
| Downloaded |
759 Time(s) |
Last edited by rcrsn51 on Wed 24 Apr 2013, 09:00; edited 53 times in total
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nooby
Joined: 29 Jun 2008 Posts: 9382 Location: SwedenEurope
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Posted: Tue 26 Apr 2011, 10:54 Post subject:
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Wow, awesome, Thanks indeed! Very interesting. I did a test ASAP
Friendly smile from Nooby. Check out the typo in --nofloppy should be --no-floppy
grub-install --force --no-floppy --root-directory=/mnt/sdb1 /dev/sdb
Edit again
Jay great success. I did as you told me and it worked and I booted the USB 2GB Kingston up. I had placed a LinuxMint variety there named Peppermint and I write from it now. Fan runs wild so not sure how good peppermint is on being on Acer D250 mall Atom N270 maybe demanding using only 1GB RAM.
Edit again later. Sadly it suddenly refused to boot the iso on the usb memory.
Maybe I changed something but after reinstalling it has booted several times so maybe some glitch??? But now to my important question
How do I get it to boot isos on NTFS HDD from the usb?
I want to boot from my HDD ntfs hdd. So how can I tell the grub2 to look for the iso on sda3 instead of just loop as it says now?
I use these codes but none of them show up except the first one. Very odd due to them look normal to me.
| Quote: |
menuentry "PepperMint 10 Gnome ISO" {
loopback loop /Peppermint-Ice-10012010.iso
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/mint.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz iso-scan/filename=/Peppermint-Ice-10012010.iso noeject noprompt splash --
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "lubuntu 10.10 ISO" {
set isofile="/lubuntu-10.10.iso
loopback loop (hd0,3)$isofile
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "lubuntu 10.10" {
loopback loop (hd0,3)/lubuntu-10.10.iso
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz isofrom=/dev/sda3/lubuntu-10.10.iso root=/dev/sda3 boot=casper quiet splash noprompt
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "lubuntu-10.10.iso (ISO = lubuntu-10.10.iso)" {
loopback loop (hd0,3)/lubuntu-10.10.iso
linux (loop)/lubuntu/linuz findiso=/lubuntu-10.10.iso boot=live quiet vga=791 noeject noprompt
initrd (loop)/lubuntu/initrd.gz
}
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Peppermint is seen and boot but none of those below or yours with Ubuntu and TCL show up so could it be something with LfCF or something like that odd going on?
Anyway. You are a Linux Master in my eyes. A Guru something. Friendly smile.
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nooby
Joined: 29 Jun 2008 Posts: 9382 Location: SwedenEurope
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Posted: Thu 28 Apr 2011, 17:10 Post subject:
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Some progress but set backs too.
I boot up Peppermint linux as iso on the ext2 USB with the help of rcrsn51's pet based on pendrivelinux ways to do it.
And if it is booted up from the usb flash then it allow you to access the NTFS HDD but if you boot up from the USB but from the iso on the HDD then the HDD get owned by root and Ubuntu don't allow you to use filemanager to access what is owned by root. That is how I get it.
Maybe one can do gksu or some other variety but I know such too little.
Anyway I went about it like this. I used puppy and mounted the Lubuntu 10.10 iso and dragged the directories to root/mnt/home like casper and all the others. one of them are invisible to look out for the one with a .disks or some similar name. and then I asked on Peppermint forum how they do it and a friendly guy there Eric he described it and it worked right away.
menuentry "lubuntu ISO on /dev/sda3" --class ubuntu_iso {
loopback loop (hd1,3)/lubuntu/lubuntu-10.10.iso
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/lubuntu/lubuntu-10.10.iso noprompt
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.gz
}
The thing that made it possible was that I used (hd1,3) instead of (hd0,3)
The very bad thing is that it take away the partition that it boots from.
Unless you can tell us how to allow filemanager to access it. It is not even visible while if you boot from an iso on the USB then you can play music and see pictures and read texts on your hdd.
I mean is that not odd? why do they do such things. Okay I am a true noob in that sense that I ahve no idea how one get access but I would not want to be a new newbie wanting to show every body I knew and then have to admit that I fail to make use of the 250GB big HDD ever due to some Dev wanting to protect me from it.
Edit another success story. I am editing from WattOS on the NTFS HDD and using the same code as for Lubuntu. Thanks to Eric on Peppermint forum for teaching me how to.
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nooby
Joined: 29 Jun 2008 Posts: 9382 Location: SwedenEurope
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Posted: Thu 28 Apr 2011, 20:52 Post subject:
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New success. Ubuntu 11.04.iso using same code as above booted just fine thanks to tip from Eric at Peppermint forum.
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gcmartin
Joined: 14 Oct 2005 Posts: 2623 Location: Earth
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Posted: Thu 28 Apr 2011, 21:05 Post subject:
Ubuntu ISO booting |
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| nooby wrote: | | New success. Ubuntu 11.04.iso using same code as above booted just fine thanks to tip from Eric at Peppermint forum. | Hi Nooby. I just saw this thread. Looks like you've been busy.
Could you post your latest Grub config file for review.
Thanks in advance
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nooby
Joined: 29 Jun 2008 Posts: 9382 Location: SwedenEurope
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Posted: Thu 28 Apr 2011, 22:14 Post subject:
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Martin yes I try. I am using Peppermint OS now booted from USB but iso on NTFS HDD and it works great with this code on the grub.cfg on the usb
menuentry "Peppermint-Ice-10012010 ISO on /dev/sda3" --class ubuntu_iso {
loopback loop (hd1,3)/Peppermint-Ice-10012010.iso
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/Peppermint-Ice-10012010.iso noprompt
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.gz
}
if you are on partition 1 then change 3 to 1 instead. I tried first with 0,3 but it needed 1,3 at my computer.
I have now tested Lubuntu and WattOS and Ubuntu NN 11.04 the newest and this Peppermint-Ice very new too and all of them booted from the NTFS HDD so great progress for me.
thanks to all who have supported me to be able to do this this easily.
tip the hdd is at isodevice when one use the filemanager. in ubuntu one need to do the sudo nautilus but in peppermint maybe one don't Test it
I have to go back to bed now. Has only slept 90 minutes tonight.
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nooby
Joined: 29 Jun 2008 Posts: 9382 Location: SwedenEurope
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Posted: Thu 28 Apr 2011, 22:17 Post subject:
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oops I I am so sleepy that I made a double post. answer above this one
Sorry I really have to turn in now my eyes are hurting.
I used this iso and it works great having it on the internal hdd Peppermint-Ice-10012010.iso
but one need to have the grub2 on the USB unles you actually install grub2 to your hdd but that could break other dual boots. So be careful
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pacer106
Joined: 11 Jan 2011 Posts: 365
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Posted: Thu 19 May 2011, 18:30 Post subject:
bootin on old pc without usb support? Subject description: quick question |
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does this method of booting from a usb flash stick work on a pc that does not support booting from a usb device?
i really am interested in figuring out how to boot from my usb key on a few old boxes that dont have cd drive or floppy drive.
thanks in advance
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rcrsn51

Joined: 05 Sep 2006 Posts: 7743 Location: Stratford, Ontario
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Posted: Thu 19 May 2011, 19:04 Post subject:
Re: bootin on old pc without usb support? Subject description: quick question |
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| pacer106 wrote: | | does this method of booting from a usb flash stick work on a pc that does not support booting from a usb device? |
No. If the BIOS does not support booting from USB, it doesn't matter which bootloader you pick.
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nooby
Joined: 29 Jun 2008 Posts: 9382 Location: SwedenEurope
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Posted: Fri 20 May 2011, 03:54 Post subject:
Re: bootin on old pc without usb support? Subject description: quick question |
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| pacer106 wrote: | does this method of booting from a usb flash stick work on a pc that does not support booting from a usb device?
i really am interested in figuring out how to boot from my usb key on a few old boxes that dont have cd drive or floppy drive.
thanks in advance  |
rcrsn51 is right on but it all depends on how much trouble you want to go doing work arounds.
There are two kinds of failing to boot from the usb.
what Rcrsn51 refers to is the common knowledge that older hardware did not have that built in.
then there is some in between hardware like my old HP/Compaq that does not boot but that allow mounting of a usb flash.
Have you tested different brands?
Have you tested a fake frugal install of the distro you have on the usb?
Take the two most important files from your usb vmlinuz and initrd.gz make a copy of them and put them in a subdir on the hdd of the computer you want to use. I use drop and drag copy using two ROX file prgrams
Like this
title Puppy Linux 1024x768 JWM.
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
kernel /puppy/vmlinuz psubdir=puppy puppy pfix=fsck
initrd /puppy/initrd.gz
So only vmlinuz and initrd.gz on the hdd and no pupsave file either. but it should preferably be in its own subdir on the mnt/sda1 if that is the partition.
Now what happens is that Puppy by design mount every drive there is connected and mounting is not same as booting from BIOS.
So even if the BIOS don't include booting from USB the Puppy can mount and use a puppy.sfs file and that way allow for booting the usb which I did use on that old thing from 2003 or so that did refuse to boot usb.
So it is worth a try.
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Aitch

Joined: 04 Apr 2007 Posts: 6825 Location: Chatham, Kent, UK
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Posted: Fri 20 May 2011, 05:26 Post subject:
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pacer106
try PLOP [needs windoze/dos] but can be installed to harddrive
http://www.plop.at/en/bootmanager.html
or if you have a floppy drive, download a win98 boot image and add usbaspi.sys or duse
http://www.computing.net/answers/dos/usbaspisys-a-usb-driver-for-dos-/15928.html
http://www.bootdisk.com/usb.htm
it worked on my old IBM 570 lappy with no CD drive
Aitch
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pacer106
Joined: 11 Jan 2011 Posts: 365
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Posted: Fri 20 May 2011, 07:19 Post subject:
thanks for the info |
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im very new to linux and puppy so havent done a whole lot but mess around im not a command line person as of yet but im learnin thanks nooby i will try that out 1 of my issues also that i didnt mention was no hard drive on 1 either so its just a mobo & RAM for the most part. im just experimenting & learnin for future possible fixes as i do some computer repair & maintainance i get lots of extra parts of old hardware. so workin on makin a puppy testin station type thing.
aitch thanks for the advice no floppy drive though and no hard drive so plop wont do much for me there. if i had those i would be able to use wakepup or something in puppy
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aarf
Joined: 30 Aug 2007 Posts: 3620 Location: around the bend
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Posted: Sun 29 May 2011, 14:25 Post subject:
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booting from external HD may be a option. dont think usb and external HD are treated the same in the bios.
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Aitch

Joined: 04 Apr 2007 Posts: 6825 Location: Chatham, Kent, UK
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Posted: Mon 30 May 2011, 13:24 Post subject:
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| pacer106 wrote: | aitch thanks for the advice no floppy drive though and no hard drive so plop wont do much for me there. if i had those i would be able to use wakepup or something in puppy |
Plop will allow booting from any device, but only if you have somewhere bootable to install it
In your case, with those limitations, tugging it apart and sticking a hard drive in maybe the only option?
Even PCMCIA/USB booting needs a bootable partition on the hardware, if the bios is, as we say, ''crippled''
It may be possible to do a network boot to a usb flash, but not really a beginner's task
http://murga-linux.com/puppy/viewtopic.php?t=65232
If you're going to do Puppy testing, I suggest some dumpster-diving for a bit more usable kit!
Aitch
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aarf
Joined: 30 Aug 2007 Posts: 3620 Location: around the bend
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Posted: Sat 04 Jun 2011, 14:32 Post subject:
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| Code: | menuentry "Linux Mint 11 Gnome ISO" {
loopback loop /linuxmint11.iso
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz file=/preseed/mint.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz iso-scan/filename=/linuxmint11.iso noeject noprompt splash --
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
} |
posting from it now. had to put a 250 mb linux swap of the flash drive to get it to go sensibly with my native 512mb ram. long time to boot with long black screen. say seems like 5 minutes.
question your "cdrom" in the mint menuentry.
linuxmint11.iso goes into /linuxmint11.iso on the flashdrive.
need to set it as default in grub2 menu and let it timeout . hitting return at the grub2 menu failed to boot it.
so please i am going to give fedora live a shot next. then watch dog at
http://www.murga-linux.com/puppy/viewtopic.php?search_id=1123046063&t=22328&sid=89b7d6221eaffc990230d3df025ec4d2
nice if the memtest would work.
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